Japan obtained similar concessions in Chahar province as in the Hebei province and Chiang realised that China would have to stand firm against further demands from the Japanese.  Much of his time had been spent combating the Communists in the south.  Mao Tse-tung and his Communist followers were in the southwest and 1935 was the year of the Long March.  During these last negotiations Gareth was travelling north of the Great Wall of China with his German companions Baron von Plessen and Dr Herbert Müller to Prince Teh Wang’s court.  Prince Teh Wang, leader of the Mongol Princes was keen to establish his own independent government of Inner Mongolia.  Wang’s arrangements with Nanking failed and then he turned to the direction of the notorious Japanese secret agent Major General Doihara.  He had the task of sponsoring Chinese leaders to establish their own autonomous regimes in 1933.  From then on Prince Teh was secretly in league with the Japanese at the shrine of a Hundred Spirits.  Little by little, Teh’s Mongol Government gained allegiance of Inner Mongolia’s seventy-seven tribes or ‘banner’, but realising that they would be entirely dependent on Japan, many of the Silingol banner and others eventually stopped supporting him.

 Early attempts at southwards expansion had failed because the Japanese (Kwantung) Army believed the northern warlords could be bribed into declaring independence from Nanking.  In November 1936 Prince Teh Wang, his Mongol roughriders and the Kwantung Army, underwrote a Mongol expedition force to establish an independent Inner Mongolia.  The Chinese National Forces at Pai Ling-miao in Suiyan province soundly beat Teh’s troops.  Though he had once been a strong supporter the Young Marshall, Chang Hsueh-liang, lost faith in Chiang Kai-shek following the He-Umetsu Agreement, as the 51st Army in Hebei (Hopei) was his army.  Chang established contact with the Communists in 1936 and also with Zhou En-lai.  He captured Chiang in Xian on December 12th of that year and persuaded him that the Communists (CPP) and the Kuomintang (KMT) should present a united front against the Japanese.  He kept the Generalissimo captive for two weeks until he agreed to abandon his anti-Communist campaigns and resist the Japanese in their aggressive plans.  Chang persuaded Chiang to become the leader of a united China.