Unexpected fierce reception was encountered.  The 19th Route Commander, General Tsai Ting-kai, and his troops fought very bravely and announced that the 19th Route would:  “fight the Japanese to the last man if it has to dye the Whampoa River red with its blood”.  Chiang Kai-shek did not wish to escalate the war against the Japanese and gave orders to Tsai that the:  “19th Route Army should take advantage of its victorious position, avoid decisive fighting with the Japanese and end the war now”.  Another interesting source gave a fascinating reason for the cessation of hostilities, in that the infamous female Japanese spy, Eastern Jewel, a distant relative of Pu Yi, had betrayed him.  In 1933 General Tsai led an unsuccessful coup d’état against Marshall Chiang Kai-shek known as the Fukien Rebellion.  He proclaimed martial law in the name of the people and announced that the lack of financial provision for the 19th Route Army had compelled him to take over Fukien revenue.  This coup, though not successful, suggests that it was Chiang who had influenced the outcome of the end of the fighting in Shanghai and it seems the more feasible historical fact. 

The Japanese Year Book of 1934 states that:  

On March 1st, 1932 a manifesto was promulgated announcing that Manchukuo was founded in response to the unanimous aspirations of the 30,000,000 people living in Manchuria and Mongolia and on March 7th Mr Pu Yi who once ruled over the entire territory of China as the 12th Emperor of the Ching Dynasty, consented to become the Chief Executive of Manchukuo.

 

The League of Nations set up a commission headed by Lord Lytton, which denounced Japan for its conduct in annexing Manchuria.  The League Assembly convened a special meeting and an almost unanimous majority of the members accepted the report.  Siam was the only nation to abstain.  Due to this unfavourable result the Japanese delegation, headed by Mr Matsuoka Yosuke, left the assembly.  In March 1933 Imperial Sanction was given for Japan to withdraw from the League.

 In The Last Emperor, Edward Behr describes how Major General Doihara, a Japanese secret agent, persuaded Pu Yi to leave Tientsin.